Malaria Eradication Program :The National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) was launched in India in 1958 to eradicate malaria from the country.

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Malaria Eradication Program – An Evolution :

👉The Malaria Eradication Program is one of the oldest of our welfare programs and provides medical aid to the general population through fieldwork and door-to-door outreach.

👉Pioneering. . Apart from this, it is no exaggeration to say that this scheme is our primary guide for all the information, methods and ways of conducting other contemporary welfare schemes.

👉In 1940, the total economic loss of the country due to malaria was estimated at Rs.7500 crores. In 1951 the Planning Commission insisted on the need for a separate agency for malaria eradication. Accordingly, the DDT spraying work was carried out by the Malaria Institute of India.

GOVERNMENT SCHEMES  ANNOUNCED BY YEARS :

  💢Sripore Committee Report.                           1946

💢National Malaria Prevention Programme.    1953

💢National Malaria Eradication Programme.   1958

💢Urban Malaria Project.                                  1971

💢Revised Malaria Programme.                       1977

💢Procedural Malaria Project.                          1995

💢Promoted Malaria Eradication Programme. 1997

💢National Anti Malaria Programme.              1999

💢National Insect-Borne Disease Control Programme.  2004

💢Intensive Malaria Prevention Programme.      2005

💢National Rural Health Programme.       2005

 

 

In the above table you can see details about what is mentioned in each level.:

1) In 1946, it was estimated that 75 million people were affected by malaria and 0.8 million people died. The government's Health Monitoring and Development Committee first emphasized the need for a separate agency for Mavenia eradication. For this it can promote vaccination and implement it in malaria eradication program suggested that. 

2) 1951 Planning Commission A separate body for Malaria Eradication Emphasized that it is mandatory. As a part of this, the Malaria Institute of India was the first to implement the DDT spraying system across the country, and it made sure that the malaria eradication work could be carried out.

3) The first National Malaria Control Program was implemented by the Government of India in 1953. The objective was to ensure that malaria does not become a public health problem and to continue the programs designed for this purpose. In this way, the principle of mandatory spraying of DDT twice a year in all towns, in all places and in all climates was implemented in all houses. It also subsequently set up committees for malaria surveillance. as well as 

Steps were taken to make malaria treatment drugs available in all hospitals. The number of people suffering from malaria decreased significantly due to these measures. They calculated that the number of people suffering from malaria had decreased and that splenomegaly among children had decreased. They also confirmed that malaria in the local population has been greatly reduced by spraying the houses.

4) The Government of India implemented the National Malaria Eradication Program in 1958. In this way, surveillance work, malaria diagnosis work, complete treatment of malaria patient and intensive investigation of malaria patient and collecting information about where he got the infection from, thereby identifying the infected area and taking action in this plan were formulated in a detailed way.

For this the project has been divided into four phases and for each phase specific activities have been planned to be completed within a specified time frame.

A). During 1958-59, the first phase included activities such as malaria surveillance, identification of malaria-endemic areas and detection of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. This level is very well executed.

B). During 1959-1962, Malaria Surveillance was defined as Attack Phase - face to face and covert surveillance by specially appointed personnel from house to house respectively. And monitoring work was carried out in the area including all hospitals.

👉For this field work monitoring, a section with a population of 10000 was divided into a section and a Basic Health Worker was assigned to that section. He was tasked with going door-to-door in the area every two weeks to collect blood smears from patients with fever and administer chloroquine tablets as a presumptive treatment.

👉A Basic Health Inspector was appointed. Basic Health Supervisor – He used to supervise the basic workers in his assigned area both in the mornings and in the evenings.

👉He also supervised the work of providing holistic treatment to malaria patients and the work of spraying medicine.

👉For these 4 or 5 basic supervisors, there are multiple supervisory officers such as Sub Unit Officer and one Unit Officer for each district and malaria monitoring work was carried out as a separate project.

👉 Malaria parasite density in the community was greatly reduced due to this special program system and intensified malaria detection work by dedicated officers and prompt and complete treatment of patients.

👉 In addition to this surveillance work, mosquito spraying was actively carried out three times to identify and attack malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

👉 E 1962-1965 Consolidation Phase In this system, malaria surveillance, complete treatment of malaria patients, spraying work and immediate investigation of malaria patients and whether they acquired the infection locally? Or did they bring it from foreign cities? Knowing that, they carried out the spraying work and continued action as befits it. As a result of this practice, the malaria control system was made permanent. Thus the zero death rate due to malaria was established in 1965.

👉E. 1965-1969 Maintenance Phase (Maintenance Phase) With the resources available in this system, maintenance of our success without any excessive expenditure, malaria surveillance, complete treatment of malaria patients, spraying work and immediate examination of malaria patients were carried out by the concerned officers.

👉With such special measures, the number of malaria patients has decreased in the community and the activities of malaria-carrying mosquitoes have been eradicated.

👉But in spite of excessive expenditure at all levels, shortage of specialists, appointment of untrained staff and other reasons, malaria resurfaced.

5.In 1977 the Revised Malaria Scheme came into existence. The aim of the project is to maintain zero malaria deaths and to maintain the success achieved so far and to create a green revolution to protect people from malaria.

👉At this stage the malaria workers were all linked to the health department instead of being separate. All the basic health workers were attached to the Union level Primary Health Centre. The Medical Officers were tasked with planning and supervising their work and inspecting them.

👉Like every panchayat union has a primary health center. A laboratory assistant was assigned to each PHC. Laboratory assistant performed indirect blood smear collection and examination of blood smears. They undertook the task of providing comprehensive treatment to malaria patients diagnosed at the primary health center.

👉DDT spraying was carried out in any section (Section) (API) 2 based on the Annual Parasite Index in a year. API is the number of malaria cases diagnosed per thousand population per year

👉Annual number of parasites per thousand population area and above (API 2 and above)

👉Areas with an annual parasitemia rate of less than two per thousand population (Less than API 2) were implemented as planned in their respective areas.

👉The number of infected persons per year per thousand population area and above (API 2 and above) in these areas.

The following steps were taken:

💢Mosquito spray operation

💢Mosquito discovery mission and research on mosquitoes

💢Malaria discovery mission

💢Treatment of malaria patients

💢Intensified measures under Pf Containment Program

💢Action to carry out malaria laboratory work in primary health centers

💢Establishment of Drug Delivery Center and Fever Treatment Depots (FTD) through volunteers

Areas with less than API 2 (less than API 2) per 1000 population area were subjected to the following surveys.

💢Focal spray of mosquito repellent in a specific area only around the house of a malaria patient.

💢Malaria detection work and treatment of malaria patients

💢Work to ensure complete treatment

💢Epidemiological Investigation of a Malaria Positive case is carried out through planned forms to collect information about malaria patients.

6. In 1989, the Multipurpose Health Plan was implemented. In this the Malaria Eradication Program was integrated and implemented with all health programmes. Primary Health Center Medical Officers supervise their work and examine them

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💢As one sub-sanitary facility was set up per 5000 population, a Two or three Deputy Health Inspectors per Deputy Health Inspector Stations were allocated and monitoring work was carried out.

💢1977 Revised Malaria Scheme and 1989 of Malaria patients as per Annual Multipurpose Health Plan The death toll was kept very low.

💢But after 1994, a resurgence of malaria was found in the country in large numbers. These high numbers of malaria cases occurred in the form of outbreaks in the states of Rajasthan, Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Maharashtra and West Bengal.

💢Following the discovery of endemic malaria, a team was formed and research was carried out, and the implementation of the project was revised to identify high risk areas and implement preventive measures.

7. Accordingly, Malaria Action Programme, 1995 was introduced.:

💢According to this plan, it was announced that all the expenses of the Malaria Eradication Program will be borne by the Central Government. 

💢 Also the areas affected by malaria were classified according to quality and special measures were taken accordingly. Accordingly the following were carried out in the main part. Activities are divided into parts