Leprosy :Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae.

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Leprosy

Leprosy is an age-old disease and is described in the literature of ancient civilizations. It is a chronic infectious disease which is caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Leprosy is curable and treatment in the early stages can prevent disability. Apart from the physical deformity, persons affected by leprosy also face stigmatization and discrimination.

Illness purpose :

📌 Leprosy was first discovered in 1878 by Hansen.

📌By 1940 all the doctors in the world were from Jalmukhara nut .The oil taken was used as a cure for leprosy. This medicine caused more pain in the patient while giving it.

📌In 1950, Dr. R. G. Coclarane (Dr.R.G. Coclarane) was an early invention of the drug, although it worked well in the beginning. Over time it turned against leprosy germs.

📌(MDT) The first joint medical system was discovered in the island of Malta in 1970. In 1981 (WHO) the World Health Organization joint medical

📌(MDT) is a combination of three drugs and given as a combination drug treatment so far this combination therapy has been working well.

1) Pathogenesis:

The causative agent of this disease is Mycobacterium Leprae.

2) Mode of transmission:

Leprosy virus is found in the nasal secretion of the patient. It is transmitted to a healthy person through the respiratory tract by airborne droplets. It can also spread through cuts or skin eruptions.

3. Development Period (2-5 Years):

It takes 2 to 5 years for the germ to get inside and develop its first symptoms.

4. The nature of the disease can be classified into three categories:

(1) Lepromatous

(2) Tuberculoid

(3) Dimorphous

(1) Multibacillary:

⇋  It can attack a person with weak immune system and cause disease.

⇋ Nodular lesion (nodular lesion) blisters (on arms and legs) are seen

⇋  In this way only the skin is affected more.

⇋ There is a cavity in the foot.

⇋ The lids cannot close.

⇋ Ears are thick.

⇋. The nose becomes shriveled and looks clumsy.

⇋This blister breaks and oozes pus and thereby infects another healthy person.

⇋The leprosy germ grows in the soft lining of the nose and is released through mucus.

⇋A non-sensitizing rash above 5 is seen. A large number of lepra bacilli are found in the tissue like cigarette butts, so we call it multibacillary.

⇋This papule appears thick with an irregular border.

(2) Tuberculoid :

⇋ It attacks a person with a strong immune system and causes disease.

⇋ In this 2 to 5 numb themal is seen. This paste does not burn and cannot be felt. It does not itch and sweat.

⇋ Also, the color will turn white and the hair will fall out. (Copper Color) It affects peripheral nerves. Nerves are thick. In this type, leprosy bacilli are found in small numbers in nerves and cells, so it is called basibacillary.

⇋ Ulnar nerve is affected and the last two fingers are paralyzed. All the fingers are paralyzed due to damage to the median nerve. The lateral popliteal nerve is affected and the leg hangs down.

⇋ As the posterior nerve is affected, numbness of the leg is achieved.

(3) Dimorphous :

Tuberculosis and lepromatous symptoms are also seen in this category. Depending on the patient's immunity and drug therapy taken, it can become complete multibacillary (a) pacibacillary

This leprosy can not be diagnosed by symptoms in the laboratory  Can be detected by testing.

5. Laboratory Test:

1)Bacteriological test:

Acid paste (Ziehl-Neelsen Method) in which leprosy bacilli are removed from blisters and skin.

2) Skin Slit Smear:

This includes sampling from the skin, blister, and earlobe.

A  5 mm earlobe is cut under the epidermis, in the domis sheath and applied to a glass strip (Slide) 5.7 mm and it is stained by acid paste method and 100% if there is a red rod-like bacillus when viewed under a microscope, leprosy is confirmed.

Coward taken early in the morning can be confirmed by smearing glass bait and using a staining microscope. This shows more leprosy bacilli than the skin sample.

3) Nasal Skin Scrapings:

This method is not practical as sampling is too painful

6. Modes of Control:

Early diagnosis of the disease:

                     Registration of all persons diagnosed with leprosy, immediate treatment and full control of the disease.

1) Contact Survey:

Screening in groups where there is more than 1 leprosy case per 1000 population in the community.

⇋Children in Balwadi Centres

⇋School children

⇋Urban slum dwellers where people live close together

⇋Industrial workers

⇋Screening of all persons with skin diseases

2) Mass Survey:

To be carried out where there are more than 10 leprosy patients per 10000 population.

Maintenance of records:

 ⇋ by proper registration of all detected patients.

⇋ By providing prompt treatment.

⇋ through combination drug therapy.

7. Disease Surveillance:

Physical examination of treated leprosy patients even after they have fully recovered can determine whether the treatment has been successful (a) and whether there is any possibility of relapse.

Basibacillary (PB) :

Follow-up of patients once a year for at least two years after complete recovery is necessary

Multibacillary (MB):

Patients who have undergone this type of treatment and are fully cured can be called remission once a year for at least 5 years. Monitoring is required. Completely free from disease

8. Good Education:

1 To create awareness among people about leprosy

2) Early detection of the disease and promotion of combination drug therapy.

3) Eradication of superstitions in the society.

4) All health centers provide treatment for leprosy.

5) Lift warm objects with a cloth if you have numb hands.

6) Early detection and treatment of the disease can prevent disability.

7) Avoid smoking.

8) Use gloves when using sharp weapons and hard weapons, bandage the feet, or have them walk in shoes if they are unconscious.